Case Study
Bridging Demand and Supply in Specialty Crop Diversification: Exploring Market Potential of Finger Limes
Andres Bejarano Loor(a), Lijun Angelia Chen(a), Suzanne Thornsbury(a), and Manjul Dutt(a)
(a)University of Florida
JEL Codes: JEL Codes: A22, D81, O33, Q13
Keywords: diffusion of innovation, economic systems, finger limes, specialty crops, supply chain
First Published Online: March 11, 2026
View Full Article (PDF) | Request Teaching Notes/Supplemental Materials
Abstract
Peter Wells, a fourth-generation Florida citrus grower, faces increasing challenges from hurricanes, urbanization, and diseases such as huanglongbing (HLB). At a University of Florida field day, he learns about finger limes (Citrus australasica), a recently introduced citrus crop with tolerance to HLB and growing appeal in gourmet food and beverage markets. Finger limes offer diversification and premium price opportunities, but uncertainties remain around supply chains, regulatory hurdles, and long-term demand. This teaching case places students in Peter’s position as he considers whether to convert part of his land to finger limes, continue with traditional citrus, or exit citrus all together. Students are asked to analyze the opportunity using an integrated framework—supply chain mapping, economic systems, and diffusion of innovation—to weigh risks, motivations, and adoption dynamics. Designed for capstone undergraduate and master’s students in agricultural economics and agribusiness, the case develops applied skills in market analysis, innovation adoption, supply chain evaluation, and strategic decision-making under uncertainty.
References
AgriFutures Australia. 2023, July 26. “Rise of ‘Citrus Caviar’; Bringing the Australian Native Finger Lime to Attention.” Available online: https://agrifutures.com.au/news/rise-of-citrus-caviar-bringing-the-australian-native-finger-lime-to-attention/
Allen, C. 2019, March 7. “SQF and USDA Food Safety Certification for Specialty Crops Program.” SQFI. Available online: https://www.sqfi.com/news/blog/view/sqfi-blog/2019/03/07/sqf-and-usda-food-safety-certification
Barcellos, M.D.D., L.K. Aguiar, G.C. Ferreira, and L.M. Vieira. 2009. “Willingness to Try Innovative Food Products: A Comparison Between British and Brazilian Consumers.” Brazilian Administration Review 6(1):50–61. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-76922009000100005
Citrus Industry Magazine. 2025. “Florida Citrus Summary: Production and Prices.” Available online: https://citrusindustry.net/2025/09/10/florida-citrus-summary-production-and-prices/ [Accessed September 10, 2025]
Conn, D. 1977. “Toward a Theory of Optimal Economic Systems.” Journal of Comparative Economics 1(4):325–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(77)90026-9
Davis, G.C., and E.L. Serrano. 2016. Food and Nutrition Economics: Fundamentals for Health Sciences. Oxford University Press.
De Vita, D., A.R. Stringaro, M. Colone, M.L. Dupuis, F. Sciubba, L. Scipione, and S. Garzoli. 2024. “Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Properties of Finger Lime (Citrus australasica F. Muell.) Peel, Pulp and Seeds.” Applied Sciences 14(15):6498. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156498
Dutt, M. 2022a. “Finger Lime Plant Named ‘UF Redlime’.” US Patent No. USPP34188P2. US Patent and Trademark Office.
———. 2022b. “Finger Lime Plant Named ‘UF Sunlime’.” US Patent No. USPP34493P2. US Patent and Trademark Office.
Dutt, M., E.G. Evans, and A. Singh. 2019. “Finger Limes for the Specialty Produce Market.” Vegetables and Specialty Crops News. University of Florida IFAS. Available online: https://australianlimes.ifas.ufl.edu/media/australianlimesifasufledu/docs/2019-Dec-VSCNews---Finger-Limes-for-the-Specialty-Produce-Market.pdf
Dutt, M., E. Nielsen, and J. Grosser. 2017, March 2. “Finger Lime Could Be New Crop for Citrus Growers.” Citrus Industry Magazine. Available online: https://citrusindustry.net/2017/03/02/finger-lime-new-crop-citrus-growers/
Enderle, G. 2017. “Old and New Perspectives on Economic Systems.” In W.W. Gasparski, ed. Praxiological Essays: Texts and Contexts. Routledge.
Faber, B. 2021, May 28. “Finger Limes?” Topics in Subtropics Blog. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. Available online: https://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=46560
FarmstandApp. 2025. “7 Ways to Explore Online Marketplaces for Farm Goods That Support Local Agriculture.” Available online: https://www.farmstandapp.com/19970/exploring-online-marketplaces-for-farm-goods/ [Accessed May 14, 2025]
Florida Administrative Code. 2015. Rule 5B-62.007: Citrus Nursery Stock Certification Program. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Available online: https://flrules.org/gateway/ruleNo.asp?id=5B-62.007
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS). 2024. Florida Fresh Citrus Fruit Shipment Procedures. Version 9.0. Effective September 1, 2024. Available online: https://www.fdacs.gov/content/download/81739/file/florida-fresh-citrus-fruit-shipment-procedures.pdf
Fletcher, R.J. 2002. “International New Crop Development Incentives, Barriers, Processes and Progress: An Australian Perspective.” In J. Janick and A. Whipkey, eds. Trends in New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press, pp. 101–106.
Gonera, A., E. Svanes, A.B. Bugge, M.M. Hatlebakk, K.-M. Prexl, and Ø. Ueland. 2021. “Moving Consumers Along the Innovation Adoption Curve: A New Approach to Accelerate the Shift Toward a More Sustainable Diet.” Sustainability 13(8):4477. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084477
Grafton-Cardwell, E. 2022. “Huanglongbing (HLB or Citrus Greening).” UC Riverside Center for Invasive Species Research. Available online: https://cisr.ucr.edu/invasive-species/huanglongbing-hlb-or-citrus-greening [Accessed May 9, 2025]
Herrick, C. 2025, November 21. “Unlocking New Potential with Specialty Finger Limes in Florida.” The Packer. Available online: https://www.thepacker.com/news/value-added/unlocking-new-potential-specialty-finger-limes-florida
Kaplinsky, R., and M. Morris. 2013. A Handbook for Value Chain Research. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available online: https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/fisheries/docs/Value_Chain_Handbool.pdf
Lavoie, A.L., K. Dentzman, and C.B. Wardropper. 2021. “Using Diffusion of Innovations Theory to Understand Agricultural Producer Perspectives on Cover Cropping in the Inland Pacific Northwest, USA.” Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 36(4):384–395. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170520000423
Lloyd, J., and D. Thilmany. 2008. Enterprise Budgeting for Small Farms: A Market Basket Approach. Colorado State University. Available online: https://api.mountainscholar.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/c4544fed-e64b-4ebc-ad48-e587f743cfab/content
MacCarthy, B.L., W.A.H. Ahmed, and G. Demirel. 2022. “Mapping the Supply Chain: Why, What and How?” International Journal of Production Economics 250:108688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108688
Neff, E. 2022, June 1. “Are Finger Limes the ‘Next Big Thing?’” Citrus Industry Magazine. Available online: https://citrusindustry.net/2022/06/01/are-finger-limes-the-next-big-thing/
———. 2023, December 26. “Finger Lime Interest Expands in Florida.” Citrus Industry Magazine. Available online: https://citrusindustry.net/2023/12/26/finger-lime-interest-expands-in-florida/
———. 2024, July 19. “Finger Lime Research Results.” Citrus Industry Magazine. Available online: https://citrusindustry.net/2024/07/19/finger-lime-research-results/
Neuberger, E., and W.J. Duffy. 1976. Comparative Economic Systems: A Decision-Making Approach. Allyn and Bacon.
Norwood, F.B., and D.S. Peel. 2021. “Supply Chain Mapping to Prepare for Future Pandemics.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 43(1):412–429. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13125
Poling, E.B. 1999. “The North Carolina Specialty Crops Program.” In J. Janick, ed. Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press.
Ratner, R.K., B.E. Kahn, and D. Kahneman. 1999. “Choosing Less-Preferred Experiences for the Sake of Variety.” Journal of Consumer Research 26(1):1–15. https://doi.org/10.1086/209547
Rogers, E.M. 2003. Diffusion of Innovations, 5th ed. Free Press.
Ross, K. 2024. Master Permit for the Shipment of Citrus Fruit from Florida to California. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Available online: https://ccmedia.fdacs.gov/content/download/80941/file/qc-222-2024-2025-permit.pdf
Specialty Food Association. 2024, May 21. “SFA Releases New Research: Understanding the Real Value of Specialty Foods 2024 Edition” [press release]. Available online: https://www.specialtyfood.com/news-media/news-features/association-press-releases/sfa-releases-new-research-understanding-the-real-value-of-specialty-foods-2024-edition/
Toepfer, S., T. Zhang, B. Wang, Y. Qiao, H. Peng, H. Luo, et al. 2020. “Sustainable Pest Management Through Improved Advice in Agricultural Extension.” Sustainability 12(17):6767. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176767
Torres, A. 2022. “Exploring the Adoption of Technologies Among Beginning Farmers in the Specialty Crops Industry.” Agricultural Finance Review 82(3):538–558. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-04-2021-0052
Trejo‐Pech, C.J.O., T.H. Spreen, and M.L. Zansler. 2018. “Is Growing Oranges in Florida a Good Investment?” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 100(2):625–639. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aax107
University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS). 2024. “Finger Lime Field Day.” Available online: https://australianlimes.ifas.ufl.edu/finger-lime-field-day/ [Accessed May 9, 2025].
US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service (USDA-AMS). 2022. USDA Agri-Food Supply Chain Assessment: Program and Policy Options for Strengthening. Available online: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/USDAAgriFoodSupplyChainReport.pdf
US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS), Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ), Florida Citrus Health Response Program. 2024. Florida Fresh Citrus Fruit Shipment Procedures. Available online: https://ccmedia.fdacs.gov/content/download/81739/file/florida-fresh-citrus-fruit-shipment-procedures.pdf
US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA-NASS). 2025a. Citrus: May Forecast Maturity Test Results. Available online: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Florida/Publications/Citrus/Citrus_Forecast/2024-25/cit0525.pdf
———. 2025b. Citrus: Commercial Citrus Inventory Preliminary Report. Available online: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Florida/Publications/Citrus/Commercial_Citrus_Inventory/Commercial_Citrus_Inventory_Prelim/ccipr25.pdf
Wang, Y., S. Ji, W. Zang, N. Wang, J. Cao, X. Li, and C. Sun. 2019. “Identification of Phenolic Compounds from a Unique Citrus Species, Finger Lime (Citrus autralasica), and Their Inhibition of LPS-Induced NO-Releasing in BV-2 Cell Line.” Food and Chemical Toxicology 129: 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.006
Yang, C.-X., L.M. Baker, A.M. Mattox, and H.H. Peterson. 2024. “Innovation in Isolation: Diffusion of Local Foods Purchasing and Online Shopping Methods During the Pandemic.” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 8:1377212. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1377212
Zhang, Y. 2022. “Variety-Seeking Behavior in Consumption: A Literature Review and Future Research Directions.” Frontiers in Psychology 13:874444. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.874444
Articles in this issue
Unannounced Quizzes and Exam Performance: Evidence of a Continuous Preparation Effect in Introductory Microeconomics
Moon Joon Kim
Enhancing Student Learning in Statistics and Econometrics Through Experiential Teaching Methods
Kedar Kulkarni
Futures & Options Book Club: An Innovative Way to Bring Class Material to Life
Maria A. Boerngen and Scott H. Irwin
Teaching Agricultural Marketing and Production Contracts in Undergraduate Courses in Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics Programs
Yuliya V. Bolotova
Extending the Classroom: An Intercollegiate Strategic Management Simulation for Agribusiness Courses
Andrea Leschewski and R. Brent Ross
Student Reflections on Problem-Based Learning: The Use of Open Research Calls in Problem Design
Edel Kelly and Tomás Russell
Bridging Demand and Supply in Specialty Crop Diversification: Exploring Market Potential of Finger Limes
Andres Bejarano Loor, Lijun Angelia Chen, Suzanne Thornsbury, and Manjul Dutt
Economic Implications of a Major US Infant Formula Recall: Understanding the Industry, Consumer Behavior, and Policy Response
Jeta Rudi-Polloshka, Sevval Buse Sariman, Mina Hejazi, and Amanda A. Lathrop


